Army manual of hygiene and sanitation, 1934 / [War Office].

Date:
1941
Catalogue details

Licence: Public Domain Mark

Credit: Army manual of hygiene and sanitation, 1934 / [War Office]. Source: Wellcome Collection.

    23/310 (page 25)
    / A good example of breaking the links is seen in the case of which passes the germs in urine and milk. Other goats are infected by eating grass contaminated by infected urine, while man contracts the disease by drinking infected goats’ milk. This disease was rife among troops in Malta until 1906, when the cause and route of infection were discovered, and as soon immediate fall in the number of cases of the disease. The source of communicable disease is always another animal or person who is harbouring the germs. Man is the (case) suffering from the disease himself or is convalescent from the disease. He may, however, be a man who has been in contact with a case and may spread germs before he actually develops signs of disease. Another source of infection is the ¢ ‘ carrier.”’ He is a man continues to pass the germs out of his body for some time aiter he has recovered; on the other hand he may never have shown any signs of the disease but may harbour the germs in his intestines, throat or elsewhere, and occasionally or continually discharge them in his excreta, or by coughing, sneezing, etc. Such carriers are dangerous sources of infection of typhoid, dysentery, diphtheria and cerebro-spinal fever. It will be seen, therefore, that the human:sources of infection are cases, convalescents, contacts and carriers. Animal sources of disease germs are less important, but the domesticated ones which come in contact with man; for instance, rabies may be contracted from the dog, glanders fever from the goat. Germs of disease pass out of the human or animal sources of infection in feces, urine, vomit, expectoration, milk, saliva, and blood or from the skin, while the bodies of men or animals that have died of a communicable disease are full of the germs and therefore dangerous. On leaving the source germs pass to other persons by various routes which may be direct, indirect. ov through an intermediate host. By far the most important are the direct routes of infection persons as in the case of diphtheria spread by kissing, and of venereal disease by sexual intercourse, or the contact may be more remote with a brief interval of time or space, as in what