The principles of chemistry : illustrated by simple experiments / by Julius Adolph Stöckhardt ; translated by C.H. Peirce.

  • Stöckhardt, Julius Adolph, 1809-1886.
Date:
1851
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Licence: Public Domain Mark

Credit: The principles of chemistry : illustrated by simple experiments / by Julius Adolph Stöckhardt ; translated by C.H. Peirce. Source: Wellcome Collection.

Provider: This material has been provided by the National Library of Medicine (U.S.), through the Medical Heritage Library. The original may be consulted at the National Library of Medicine (U.S.)

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    RETROSPECT OF THE HALOGENS (CHLORINE, IODINE, BROMINE, FLUORINE, AND CYANOGEN). 1. Crystals may be formed, — 1st, from a solution, either by cooling (saltpetre), or by evaporation (com- mon salt); 2d, from a molten fluid, by congelation (sulphur) ; and 3d, from vapor, when it becomes solid immediately on cooling (snow, iodine). 2. The crystallized or regularly formed bodies are the reverse of the amorphous bodies, in which no defi- nite form is to be perceived (vitreous and pulverulent bodies). Many bodies can assume two, or even several, different forms, and are called dimorphous or polymor- phous bodies (coal, sulphur). 3. Water can dissolve, not only solid, but gaseous bodies; for instance, chlorine, sulphuretted hydrogen, &c, and the more of them the colder it is. 4. Not only heat, but light also, may effect or de- stroy chemical combinations. 5. A body has a greater inclination to combine with another body at the very moment when it is separated from a combination (nascent state). 6. There are, also, by way of exception, compound bodies, which, just as if they were chemical elements, can combine with simple bodies (cyanogen). FOURTH GROUP OF METALLOIDS: HYALOGENS. BORON (B), At. Wt. = 136, and SILICON (S). At. Wt. = 277. 158. Both of these substances occur, in nature, only in combination with oxygen; boron but seldom, as in