The complete farmer: or, a general dictionary of husbandry ... in which everything valuable from the best writers on this subject will be extracted ... / By a society of gentlemen, members of the Society for the Encouragement of Arts, Manufactures, and Commerce.

Date:
1766
Catalogue details

Licence: Public Domain Mark

Credit: The complete farmer: or, a general dictionary of husbandry ... in which everything valuable from the best writers on this subject will be extracted ... / By a society of gentlemen, members of the Society for the Encouragement of Arts, Manufactures, and Commerce. Source: Wellcome Collection.

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    Y EL A'RD-LAND, a quantity of land, io ibmc countries, fifteen acres,, in fome twenty, and in others, twenty-four, thirty and thirty-four acres.. Y£LLOWS, a difeafe incident , to horfes and other cattle, and more properly called the jaundice. S(e the article Jaundice. “ Having, fays a correfpondent of the editors of the Mufeum Rufiioum, noted the frequent fatal effedis of the difeafe in cattle, called the yellows, I, fome years fi'nce, refolved to let no opportunity flip of being acquainted with this complaint, in order to afllgn its caufe, inafmuch as I apprehend it to be the forerunner of moft chronical difeafes, to which great cattle are fubjedl, as the murrain in the guts,, fcoweting, afthma, or wheezing, dropfy, and lofs uf milk, &c. “ 1 h'ave not hitherto been.able to find-any author who has treated of this complaint in a manner fuitable to the confequence thereof, fo as to trace the fymptoms in its feveral Rages, in order to efFedl a cure ; and, where this complaint has been quite negledfed or ill cured, to point out the confequence, by Ihewing brow it may appear under the abovementioned fhapes, which, being miftaken for originals when they are only confequents, are rarely cured, through the firft caufe being unknown. “ This complaint, I apprehend, proceeds from a wafte of bile, that is, a preternatural running out of what is called gall ; occafioned by the rugae, which are in the inner membrane of the neck of the bilious dudf, becom¬ ing, by fome accident, too weak to perform their office, fo that the gall runs out of the bladder nearly as faff as it runs in ; by which means it forceth kfclf, or a Confidera- ble part at IcaR, into the poms bilarius, inffcad of being difeharged by the dudfus communis cholidochus into the inteftines, and, by the means of the vena porta, mixes again with the blood, filling that with its fharp pungent quality ; whifh caufeth that fluid to become of a fizy nature, and, confequently, to move flowly in the channels through which it palfes ; whence arifes that fluggifli difpofition the beafl in this complaint is fubjeit to, and which is one of the firft fjmptoms of the difeafe. “ And the liver, being deprived of the natural heat and weight thereof, is, together w’ith the fizinefs of the blood, rendered incapable of performing its office, fo that the fupply of bile is not equal to the expence ; nor is the blood purified from it as it ought, but pafles on together till it fixes in fome part, and there (if not timely pre¬ vented) forms a tumor very prejudicial to the beaft. “ Thefe tumors I have feen appear externally in the glands behind the ears, of the fhoulders, and of the flank, in the dewlapi round the cornet of the hoofs, and in the udder, ormilk-bag; internally, in the form of water, in the veins of fat between the mufcular parts of the body, in the kidney fat, and even between the coats of the guts. Y E L “ ■Wheh thefe tumors, which appear externally, come to fuppuration, the beaft commonly recovers, though fre- quemly it be a Jong, time firft. “ I'he feafons of ^ the year in which cattle are moft fubjed to this complaint, ate for about the five firft weeks, after they are put out to grafs in the fpring, during which time the feafon is apt to be very warm at days and cold at nights; thegfafs beiDg al'fo tender, and abounding with mpifture: and .in like .manner in autumn ;. at, which time the days are alfo warm and nights cold ; and the graft, on account of autumnal rains, tender as in the fpring, and. more fo, if the. preceding fummer was tolerably dry. “ The Cattle at’ thefe feafons being faint are very fub- jeift to perfpire much, by which the pores are greatly opened in (he day, and fudden cold coming on at night haftily contrails them ; and be'fore the warmth of the next day becomes fulficient to fet the parts thus contrailed at liberty,, the. matter, which fhould, Itave. been difeharged by perfpiration, returns into the blood in order to, pafs oft' by urine, by which means a much greater quantity of bile is fecreted than otherways would ; which pafling into its receptacle, the gall-bladder, caufes it to extend to a preter¬ natural fhze ; thereby extending the pafTage by its prefTure, till the rugse are fcarcely to be feen : whereby the refiftance made by them is not equal to the prefl'ure of the bile, which, confequently, forces its way haftily into the blood, in the manner before obferved, inftead of paffing off as excrement by the guts. “ The early fymptoms attending this difeafe, are, a Ibakingof the beaft in a morning, and more particularly the hinder parts, as the loins, thighs, and legs; hollow- nefs of the eyes, and the hair ftaring; a dry nofe, and if the cold taken be great, hanging of the ears, the fwel- ling of the dewlap, of the glands of the ears, the ftioul- ders, or the flanks, and of one or more quarters of the udder, or milk-bag in cows ; with a fudden decreafe of milk, what remains becoming, after a few days, more yellow than ufual, and will, if boiled, curdle ; the fore teeth are generally loofe, as though they would drop out. “ If thefe fymptoms, efpecially the firft, remain unob- ferved, as is often the cafe in barren cattle, and fuch as range at large, it frequently happens that the diforder fet¬ tles in fome inward part; as on the pericardium, which caufes wheezing, and the haJk, and uncommon pover¬ ty ; when in the guts and mefentery, (or fweet-bread) caufes the lafk and fcowering; and when in the vein of fat, between the mufcles, caufes the dropfy and uncommon weaknefs. “ In this laft complaint, on opening u beaft, the melt or fplecn was very fmall and thin, not half fo large as in a healthy ftate, as was alfo the liver; but otherways found and perfedl, the gall-bladder of an uncommon thicknefs, and its Contents very little. 8 U