Volume 3

Ure's dictionary of arts, manufactures, and mines : containing a clear exposition of their principles and practice / by Robert Hunt. ; assisted by F.W. Rudler.

  • Ure, Andrew, 1778-1857.
Date:
1878-1979
Catalogue details

Licence: Public Domain Mark

Credit: Ure's dictionary of arts, manufactures, and mines : containing a clear exposition of their principles and practice / by Robert Hunt. ; assisted by F.W. Rudler. Source: Wellcome Collection.

    13/1208 (page 5)
    1 1295 To form these card-slips, an ingenious apparatus is employed, by whicli the proper steel punches required for the piercing of each distinct card are placed in their relative situations preparatory to the operation of piercing, and also by its means a card may be punched \nth any number of holes at one operation. This disposition of the punches is eflected by means of rods connected to cords disposed in.a frame, in the nature of a false simple, on -which the pattern of the -work to be performed is first read in. These improved pierced cards, slips, or pasteboards, apply to a -weaving apparatus, ■which is so arranged that a figure to be -wrought can be extended to any distance along the loom, and by that means the loom is rendered capable of producing broad-figured ■works ; having the long lever a placed in such a situation that it affords po'wer to the foot of the weaver, and by this means enables him to dra^w the hea-viest morintures and figured -works, -without the assistance of a draw-boy. The machinery for arranging the punches consists of a frame with four upriglit standards and cross-pieces, which contains a series of endless cords passing under a wooden roller at bottom, and over pulleys at the top. These pulleys are mounted on axles in two frames, placed obliquely over the top of the standard frame, which pulley- frames constitute the table commonly used by weavers. In order better to explain these endless covds, fig. 1295 represents a single endless cord, 1 1, which is here shown in operation, and part of another endless cord, 2 2, shown stationary. There must be as many endless cords in this frame as needles in the weaving-loom, a is the wooden cylinder, revoMng upon its axis at the lower part of the standards; b b, the two pulleys of the pulley-frames above, over which the individual endless cord passes; c is a small transverse ring. To each of these rings a weight is suspended by a single thread, for the purpose of giving tension to the endless cord, d is a board resembling a common comber-bar, which is supported by the cross-bars of the standard frame, and is pierced -with holes, in situation and number corresponding with the perpendicular threads that pass through them; which board keeps the threads distinct from each other. At e, the endless cord passes through the eyes of -wires resembling needles, which are contained in a wooden box placed in front of the machine, and shown in this figure in section only. These wires are called the punch-projectors] they are guided and supported by horizontal rods and vertical pins, the latter of which pass through loops formed at the hinder part of the respective wires. At/are two horizontal rods extending the whole width of the machine, for the purpose of producing the cross in the cords; g is a thick brass plate, extending along in front of the machine, and lying close to the box which holds the punch- projectors ; this plate g, sho-wn also in section, is called the punch-holder; it contains the same number of apertures as there are punch-projectors, and disposed so as to correspond -with each other. In each of these apertures, there is a punch for the purpose of piercing the cards, slips, or pasteboards with holes; A is a thick steel plate of the same size as g, and shown likewise in section, corresponding also in its number of apertures, and their disposition, with the punch- projectors_ and the punch-holder. This plate h, is called the punch-receiver. _ The object of this machine is to transfer such of the punches as may be required for piercing any indi-ndual card from the punch-holder, g, into the punch-receiver, h; wlien they -will be properly situated, and ready for piercing the individual card or slip with such holes as have been read in upon the machine, and are required for permitting the warp threads to be withdrawn in the loom, when this card is brought against the en<3s of the needles. The process of transferring the patterns to the punches will be effected in the following manner:— The pattern is to be read in, according to the ordinary mode, as in a false simple, upon the endless cords below the rods /, and passed under the revolving wooden cylinder a, to a sufiiciont height for a person in front of the machine to roach conve- niently. He there takes the upper threads of the pattern, called the beard, and draws them forward so as to introduce a stick behind the cords thus adv.aticed, as shown by dots, for the purpose of keeping them separate from the cords which are not intended to be operated upon. All the punch-projectors -which are connected -svith the cords brought