The new dispensatory: containing I. The elements of pharmaceutical chemistry. II. The materia medica ... III. Pharmaceutical preparations. IV. Medicinal compositions ... Being an attempt to collect and apply the later discoveries to the Dispensatory published by W. Lewis ... / By gentlemen of the Faculty of Edinburgh [i.e. C. Webster and R. Irving].

Date:
1786
Catalogue details

Licence: Public Domain Mark

Credit: The new dispensatory: containing I. The elements of pharmaceutical chemistry. II. The materia medica ... III. Pharmaceutical preparations. IV. Medicinal compositions ... Being an attempt to collect and apply the later discoveries to the Dispensatory published by W. Lewis ... / By gentlemen of the Faculty of Edinburgh [i.e. C. Webster and R. Irving]. Source: Wellcome Collection.

    103/802 (page 55)
    As a defence from the violence of the fire, and to prevent the contaft of cold air on fupplying frelh fuel, &c. the glafs 13 to be coated over, to the thicknefs of about half a crown, with Windfor loam, foftened with water into a proper confidence, and beaten up with fome horfe-dung, op with the other clayey compofitions above mentioned. Thefe compofitions ferve alfo as a lute, for fectiring th,e jun&ures of the vefiels in the diftillation of the volatile falts and fpirits of animals : for the -diftillation of acid fpirits, the matter may be moiftened with a folution of fixed alkaline fait inftead of water. For moft other purpofes, a piece of wet bladder, or a pafte of flour and water, or of linfeed meal (that is, the cake left after the expreflion of oil of linfeed), are fufficient lutes. “ Sometimes clay and chalk are mixed up into a paile, and fpread up- on flips of paper ; and fometimes gum arabicis ufea indead of the clay, and mixed up in the fame manner. “ Wet bladders contraft fo ftrongly by drying, that they not unfre- quently break the veffcls: And the fat lute of Mr Macquer, which is a compofition of clay and chalk with oil, is too dole for moil operations. Where very elaftic fteams are to be condenfed, we are often obliged, even when the common lutes are employed, to leave or make an opening which may be occafionally -flopped by a plug: By this means we give paffage to a part of thefe vapours, which prevents the burfting of the vefiels, and faci- litates the condenfation of the reft. If we wifli to colled incondenfible vapours, we receive them into a jar inverted under a bafon of water or quickfilver. as dire&ed in our Analyfis of Vegetables by fire. «< Befides thefe, there are alfo required fome other kinds of lutes for joining vefiels together in operations requiring a ftrong heat, and for li- ning furnaces. Four parts of fand and one of clay anfwersbeft for luting : , but0for lining the infide of furnaces, fix or {even parts of fand to one of clay is neeeflary, in order to prevent the contraction and confequent crack- ing of the clay, which it moft readily does when freeft of fand. Befides this lute immediately next to the fire, three parts, by weight, of charcoal, to one of common clay, are firft mixed in a dry powder, and as much wa- ter is to he added as will make them form into balls of the confidence oi fnow : thefe halls are beat very firm and compaft, by means of a hammer, on the infide of the furnace, to the thicknei^ of about one inch and a half: the other lute is fpread over this to about the thicknefs of half an inch ; and this too is beat folid by means of a hammer, and allowed to dry flow ]y, that all cracks and iiflures may be prevented. After the body of the? furnace is thus lined, the vent is applied and lined in the fame manner'; and the whole being dried, which* requires a long time, a fire is kindled in the furnace, which is gradually heated a day or two, and then is railed to the greateft intenfity : By thefe means the whole luting acquires a hardnefs equal to that of free-ftone. Thefe are the lutes recornmenr e and ufed by Dr Black; and, except for fome operations in metallurgy, the Doftor feems to have been the firft who thought of emp o\ing c rar coal as an ingredient for the lining of furnaces ’ , The few fun pie lutes, here deferibed, will be found to anfwer all the purpofes of the more operofe compofitions recommended ior teem tions by the chemical writers. D*